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Create a research proposal in biomedical science. 

# Prompt

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As an expert in vertebrate development biology research, you write a research proposal in reprogramming old ovary cells to young ovary to restore reproductive function in female mice. 

Experimental approach(es) should be (about 2 - 3 pages)
Divide your experimental section with subheadings that address the various aims that you wish to investigate.  Adding subtitles to your experimental section which restates each Specific Aim (i.e., Aim 1.  "….."; Aim 2"…."; Aim 3."….") will help focus the reader’s attention on the specific question that the experiment which you outline is trying to address.  For each aim, provide your rationale, then describe the experiments including any key controls. There should be enough information to understand what you are proposing to do, but it is not necessary to provide details such as buffer concentrations. Most importantly describe ALL the potential outcomes of the experiments and how you would interpret each outcome. This last part can be difficult but is crucial: indicate realistically whether or not you think the experiments are likely to work, what you might do if they don't, and what the implications are if they do work. Indicate alternative approaches in case your proposed approach does not work. It is fine to have multiple approaches but you must prioritize them.

 List of references
Include titles of papers.  Please properly cite prior published work that is relevant to your proposal.
```

## Conversation

**ASSISTANT**: Title: Reprogramming Old Ovary Cells to Young Ovary to Restore Reproductive Function in Female Mice



Introduction:

Female reproductive aging is a major health concern for women, as it leads to infertility, miscarriage, and birth defects. The decline in female reproductive function is attributed to a decrease in the quality and quantity of eggs produced by the ovary. Recent studies have shown that aging-associated changes in the ovary can be partially reversed through cellular reprogramming. This research proposal aims to investigate whether the reprogramming of old ovary cells into young ovary cells can restore reproductive function in female mice.



Aim 1: To determine whether the reprogramming of old ovary cells into young ovary cells is feasible.

Rationale:

We will use a combination of small molecules and transcription factors to reprogram old ovary cells into young ovary cells. This aim will help determine the feasibility of this approach and assess the efficiency of the reprogramming process.



Experimental Design:

- Isolation of old ovary cells from female mice aged 12-18 months.

- Treatment of old ovary cells with small molecules and transcription factors cocktail for 7-10 days.

- Analysis of reprogrammed cells for changes in gene expression, epigenetic marks, and morphology.

- Quantification of the efficiency of the reprogramming process using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence.

- Comparison of the molecular and morphological characteristics of reprogrammed cells with those of young ovary cells.



Potential Outcomes:

Successful reprogramming of old ovary cells into young ovary cells would result in a significant increase in the number and quality of eggs produced by these cells. Failure to reprogram old ovary cells could indicate the need for optimization of the reprogramming protocol or suggest that reprogramming is not a feasible approach for restoring reproductive function in female mice.



Aim 2: To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo developmental potential of reprogrammed ovary cells.

Rationale:

This aim aims to determine whether the reprogrammed ovary cells can differentiate into eggs and whether these eggs have the capacity to develop into viable embryos.



Experimental Design:

- Differentiation of reprogrammed ovary cells into oocyte-like structures using established protocols.

- Assessment of the developmental competence of reprogrammed oocyte-like structures by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer experiments.

- Analysis of the gene expression profile of reprogrammed oocyte-like structures and embryos derived from them.

- Comparison of the developmental potential of reprogrammed oocytes with those of young ovary-derived oocytes.



Potential Outcomes:

Successful differentiation of reprogrammed ovary cells into oocyte-like structures that can be fertilized and develop into viable embryos would provide evidence for the potential of this approach to restore reproductive function in female mice. Failure to obtain viable embryos could indicate the need for optimization of the differentiation protocol or suggest that reprogramming is not a suitable approach for restoring reproductive function in female mice.



Aim 3: To assess the safety and efficacy of reprogrammed ovary cell transplantation in vivo.

Rationale:

This aim aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transplanting reprogrammed ovary cells into the ovaries of female mice.



Experimental Design:

- Transplantation of reprogrammed ovary cells into the ovaries of young female mice.

- Monitoring of follicular development, ovulation, and pregnancy outcomes in transplanted mice.

- Analysis of any adverse effects of reprogrammed cell transplantation on ovarian function and overall health of the recipient mice.



Potential Outcomes:

Successful transplantation of reprogrammed ovary cells would result in the restoration of reproductive function in recipient mice. Any adverse effects would require investigation and could indicate the need for modification of the transplantation protocol or suggest that reprogramming is not a safe approach for restoring reproductive function in female mice.



Alternative Approach:

If the reprogramming approach fails, an alternative approach would be to investigate the use of stem cells for restoring reproductive function in female mice. Stem cell-based approaches have shown some promise for reversing reproductive aging in animal models.



List of References:

1. Zhang H, Zheng W, Shen Y, Adhikari D, Ueno H, Liu K. Experimental evidence showing that no mitotically active female germline progenitors exist in postnatal mouse ovaries. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012;109(31):12580-12585.

2. White YA, Woods DC, Takai Y, Ishihara O, Seki H, Tilly JL. Oocyte formation by mitotically active germ cells purified from ovaries of reproductive-age women. Nat Med. 2012;18(3):413-421.

3. Woods DC, Tilly JL. Physiological and molecular determinants of ovarian follicular response to gonadotrophins. Reproduction. 2012;143(2):213-222.

4. Saitou M, Miya
**USER**: Use GPT 4 to generate the answer to the question above again. You are playing as a SQL database of biological samples, curated by experts in biology. Who published Dual role of YAP and TAZ in renewal of the intestinal epithelium

Masamichi Imajo1,2,3,6, Miki Ebisuya4,5 and Eisuke Nishida1,2,6 in Nature Cell Biology.
**ASSISTANT**: The paper entitled "Dual role of YAP and TAZ in renewal of the intestinal epithelium" was published in the journal Nature Cell Biology by Masamichi Imajo, Miki Ebisuya, and Eisuke Nishida. The study investigates the function of two transcriptional coactivators, YAP and TAZ, in regulating the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells. The authors found that YAP and TAZ play a crucial role in promoting the renewal of the intestinal epithelium by suppressing cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. These findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying intestinal homeostasis and may have implications for the development of new therapies for intestinal disorders such as cancer.


